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The Grünes Gewölbe (English: Green Vault) in Dresden is a unique historic museum that contains the largest collection of treasures in Europe.〔Dirk Syndram, ''Prunkstücke des Grünen Gewölbes zu Dresden'', 5th ed. Leipzig: Seemann, 2006, ISBN 978-3-86502-150-2, p. 16 〕 Founded by Augustus the Strong in 1723, it features a rich variety of exhibits from the Baroque to Classicism. It is named after the formerly malachite green painted column bases and capitals of the initial rooms. It has some claim to be the oldest museum in the world; it is older than the British Museum founded in 1759, but the Vatican Museums date their foundation to the public display of the newly excavated ''Laocoön group'' in 1506. After the destruction of the Second World War, the Grünes Gewölbe has been completely reconstructed. Today, its treasures are shown in two exhibitions: The Historic Green Vault (''Historisches Grünes Gewölbe'') is famous for its splendors of the historic treasure chamber as it existed in 1733, while the New Green Vault (''Neues Grünes Gewölbe'') focuses the attention on each individual object in neutral rooms. The Grünes Gewölbe is located on the first and second floors of the western section of the Dresdner Residenzschloss. It is now part of the Dresden State Art Collections. ==History== The history of the "Green Vault" goes back to the year 1547, when elector Moritz of Saxony initiated the building of an additional west wing to the palace. Four of the new rooms on the first floor were given elaborate, molded plaster ceilings.〔Dirk Syndram, ''Das Grüne Gewölbe – The Green Vault – Le Voûte Verte'', 3rd ed. Leipzig: Seemann, 2006, ISBN 978-3-86502-159-5, p. 5〕 The column bases and their capitals were painted with a characteristic bluish-green paint. Due to this color, the rooms were soon known as the "Green Vault", and the name has endured. The official name of the suite of rooms, which was protected against fire and robbery by thick walls, iron shutters and doors, was "Privy Repository" (''Geheime Verwahrung'').〔〔Dirk Syndram, ''Prunkstücke des Grünen Gewölbes zu Dresden'', 5th ed. Leipzig: Seemann, 2006, ISBN 978-3-86502-150-2, pp. 7-16 〕 Throughout the 17th century, these rooms were used by the rulers of Saxony as a private treasure chamber for important documents and jewellery.〔 Between 1723 and 1729, the elector Frederic Augustus I, today known as Augustus the Strong, turned the once private chambers into a public museum. First, he commanded splendid rooms to be created in which to display his collection. The ''Pretiosensaal'' (Hall of Treasures) and the ''Eckkabinett'' (Corner Cabinet) were listed as completed in the inventory of 1725; they reached their present-day form in this construction phase.〔Dirk Syndram et al., '' The Baroque Treasury at the Grünes Gewölbe Dresden'', 1st ed. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-06644-1, pp. 6-7〕 An extension followed in 1727. Augustus’ intentions have been preserved on a ground plan from 1727 on which he drew his ideas.〔 As in the first construction phase, the architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann planned and built a museum-like, artistic structure of German Baroque grandeur.〔Fritz Löffler: ''Das alte Dresden - Geschichte seiner Bauten''. 16th ed. Leipzig: Seemann, 2006, ISBN 978-3-86502-000-0 〕 A suite of eight interconnecting rooms was constructed whose architectural beauty complemented the abundance and quality of the priceless treasures. Augustus the Strong could now exhibit his entire collection of valuables, including bronze statues and works of art in silver, gold, amber and ivory. The sequence of rooms was deliberately staged, presenting the objects according to their materials.〔 By the end of his almost four-decade-long reign in 1733, Augustus the Strong had made his crown treasures and his inherited riches accessible to the public – an unprecedented innovation in the Baroque period. These rooms remained unchanged for almost two centuries. When war was imminent in 1938, the art treasures were taken to the Königstein Fortress.〔 The Green Vault was severely damaged in the February 13, 1945 bombing of Dresden in World War II. Three of the eight rooms were totally destroyed.〔 At the end of the war in 1945, the treasures were confiscated by the Red Army and transported to the Soviet Union. After their return to Dresden in 1958, part of the collection was displayed at the Albertinum. In 2004, the ''Neues Grünes Gewölbe'' (New Green Vault) was opened on the second floor of the rebuilt Dresden castle. Its modern style of presentation centers on the works of art. In 2006, the reconstructed ''Historisches Grünes Gewölbe'' (Historic Green Vault) was reopened in the magnificent suite of rooms on the first floor as it had existed in 1733 at the time of its founder's death. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grünes Gewölbe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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